Annex D — Agro-industry
Sector annex to Morocco UNS Standard v0.1. Covers Moroccan agro-industrial transformation: dairy, olive oil, citrus and tomato processing, conserves, sugar refining, milling, cold-chain logistics. Strategic anchor: agro-industry is the single largest manufacturing employer in Morocco; HACCP critical control points and cold-chain integrity are both regulatory and commercial drivers.
D.1 Scope
Covers food and beverage processing from raw-material reception through packaged product. Excludes farm-level production and end-retail. Pharmaceutical excluded (separate annex deferred to v0.2).
D.2 Enterprise & Site archetypes
Major operators include Centrale Danone, Copag, Lesieur Cristal, Cosumar (sugar), Lesaffre Maroc, Aïn Saïss/Sidi Ali (mineral water), Cooper Pharma agro-divisions, and dozens of cooperatives.
D.2.1 Enterprise examples
| Enterprise segment | Notes |
|---|---|
centrale-danone | Dairy |
copag | Cooperative — dairy, juice |
lesieur-cristal | Edible oil, soap |
cosumar | Sugar refining (multiple sites) |
aoulouz / cooperative-x | Olive oil cooperatives |
sidi-ali | Mineral water |
lesaffre-maroc | Yeast |
D.2.2 Site naming
City-based: el-jadida, meknes, sidi-bennour, agadir-ouled-teima, fes-ait-hadi.
D.3 Area inventory
| Area segment | Description |
|---|---|
reception | Raw-material intake (milk, fruit, oilseed) |
cleaning | Wash, sort, destem |
extraction | Olive press / juice extraction |
refining | Edible oil refining stages |
pasteurization | HTST / UHT |
homogenization | Dairy |
fermentation | Yogurt, yeast |
evaporation | Tomato paste, milk concentrate |
crystallization | Sugar |
drying | Milk powder, fruit powder |
mixing | Recipe blending |
filling | Bottle, carton, can |
labeling | |
cold-storage | Chilled / frozen warehouse |
cold-chain-dock | Reefer dock door |
boiler-house | Steam |
cip | Clean-in-place skid |
wwtp | Wastewater treatment |
D.4 Equipment archetypes
| Equipment segment | Examples | Common signals |
|---|---|---|
tank-<n> | tank-raw-milk-r12 | level-pct, temperature-c, agitator-state |
pasteurizer-<n> | pasteurizer-htst-01 | inlet-temperature-c, outlet-temperature-c, holding-time-s, energy-kwh, state |
homogenizer-<n> | homogenizer-h02 | pressure-bar, flow-rate-m3h |
evaporator-<n> | evaporator-e01 | brix-pct, vacuum-bar, energy-kwh, steam-flow-tph |
centrifuge-<n> | centrifuge-cf01 | rpm, throughput-tph |
filler-<n> | filler-bottle-04 | bottles-per-min, fill-volume-ml, defect-count, oee-pct |
oven-<n> (bakery) | oven-tunnel-02 | zone-temperature-c, fuel-flow-m3h |
cold-room-<n> | cold-room-cr01 | air-temperature-c, door-open-count, defrost-cycle-count, energy-kwh |
reefer-dock-<n> | reefer-dock-04 | air-temperature-c, door-state |
cip-skid-<n> | cip-skid-01 | bath-temperature-c, conductivity-mscm, water-flow-m3h |
boiler-<n> | boiler-b01 | steam-flow-tph, fuel-flow-m3h, co2-flow-kgh |
D.5 Mandatory signals — HACCP CCPs as first-class
Agro-industry signals are not just operational — they are food-safety records. The standard treats HACCP critical control points as first-class signals and requires:
| Signal | Where | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
pasteurization-temperature-c | pasteurization | CCP — kill step |
pasteurization-holding-time-s | pasteurization | CCP |
cold-room-temperature-c | cold-storage, cold-chain-dock | CCP — chilled chain |
freezer-temperature-c | cold-storage | CCP — frozen chain |
metal-detector-reject-count | filling, packing | CCP — physical hazard |
cip-conductivity-mscm | cip | Hygiene verification |
ph | reception, fermentation | Quality + safety |
brix-pct | extraction, evaporation | Quality |
CCP signals MUST set quality_code accurately; a bad reading on a CCP triggers a hold. Consumers of the UNS can therefore implement automated batch hold logic without per-plant integration.
D.5.1 Batch traceability
Every Equipment in reception, mixing, filling, labeling SHOULD additionally publish:
batch-id(string)lot-id(string)pieces-count
This enables forward and backward trace from a single subscription, replacing batch-tracing point integrations.
D.6 CBAM exposure
Agro is not in CBAM scope as of v0.1. Boiler-house and evaporator fuel signals are still flagged cbam_relevant: true for Scope 1 reporting (Decree 2.16.682 on Moroccan emissions reporting and CSRD if the buyer is EU-listed).
D.7 Worked path examples
ma/ma-06/centrale-danone/el-jadida/pasteurization/pasteurizer-htst-01/pasteurization-temperature-c
ma/ma-06/centrale-danone/el-jadida/cold-storage/cold-room-cr01/air-temperature-c
ma/ma-09/copag/agadir-ouled-teima/filling/filler-bottle-04/bottles-per-min
ma/ma-07/cosumar/casa-zenata/crystallization/centrifuge-cf01/throughput-tph
ma/ma-09/aoulouz-coop/taroudant/extraction/centrifuge-cf01/throughput-tph
D.8 Strategic notes
- Cooperatives are the SME-scale opportunity: a single-broker, ~30-signal deployment at a 50-employee olive-oil cooperative is feasible and produces immediate compliance and energy ROI.
- HACCP-driven adoption is procurement-led, not IT-led: brand customers (Lactalis, Nestlé, Carrefour) already require traceability data — making it conformant to a published standard accelerates supplier audits.
- Cold-chain transparency (reefer logistics, Tanger Med cold dock) is a natural bridge to Annex E — Ports & Logistics.