Annex F — Cement, Steel & Heavy Industry
Sector annex to Morocco UNS Standard v0.1. Covers cement, iron and steel, and aluminum production — the three sectors already in CBAM scope as of the EU regulation’s transitional phase. Strategic anchors: Sonasid (Morocco’s largest steel producer), YNNA Steel (CBAM-urgent, January 2026 reporting deadline), LafargeHolcim Maroc (cement, Agadir-Souss lighthouse plant).
F.1 Scope
Covers:
- Cement: clinker production (kiln, preheater, calciner), cement grinding, packaging
- Iron & steel: scrap-based EAF (electric arc furnace) — the dominant Moroccan model — plus rolling, finishing
- Aluminum: primary smelting (none in Morocco currently) and secondary/recycling, extrusion
- Adjacent process heat (clinker preheating, EAF post-combustion, reheat furnaces)
Excludes downstream fabrication (rebar bending, structural assembly), covered by general Annex B equivalents if relevant.
F.2 Why this annex matters
CBAM transitional reporting started October 2023; the definitive period begins January 2026 with full financial obligation from 2026 onwards. Cement, iron and steel, aluminum (plus fertilizers, electricity, hydrogen) are already in scope. A Moroccan exporter to the EU in any of these three sectors needs an embedded-emissions ledger or pays the default value — which for steel and cement is punitive.
This annex is therefore the most commercially urgent of the sector annexes. The signals defined here ARE the CBAM declaration in raw form.
F.3 Enterprise & Site archetypes
F.3.1 Steel
| Enterprise segment | Notes |
|---|---|
sonasid | Morocco’s largest, EAF + rolling; Jorf Lasfar (Nador) and Jorf-Settat |
ynna-steel | YNNA Holding subsidiary; CBAM-urgent |
riva-maroc / maghreb-steel | Other rolling mills |
univers-acier | Long products |
F.3.2 Cement
| Enterprise segment | Notes |
|---|---|
lafargeholcim-maroc | Largest player; multiple sites incl. Agadir-Souss lighthouse |
ciments-du-maroc | HeidelbergCement subsidiary |
asment-temara | Votorantim |
ciments-de-l-atlas |
F.3.3 Aluminum
| Enterprise segment | Notes |
|---|---|
aluminium-du-maroc | Extrusion + recycling |
F.3.4 Site naming
City + plant tag: jorf-lasfar (Sonasid), nador (Sonasid), agadir-souss (LafargeHolcim), bouskoura (LafargeHolcim Bouskoura), meknes, safi, temara (Asment).
F.4 Area inventory
F.4.1 Steel (EAF route, scrap-based)
| Area segment | Description |
|---|---|
scrap-yard | Scrap reception, sorting, magnet/shredder |
eaf | Electric arc furnace |
lf | Ladle furnace (refining) |
caster | Continuous caster |
reheat-furnace | For rolling |
rolling-mill | Hot rolling |
cold-mill | Cold rolling (where applicable) |
finishing | Cut, pickle, anneal, galvanize |
power-incomer | HV substation feeding the EAF |
dust-collection | Bag house, EAF off-gas treatment |
F.4.2 Cement
| Area segment | Description |
|---|---|
quarry | Limestone extraction (where on-site) |
crushing | Primary, secondary crushers |
raw-mill | Vertical roller or ball mill |
preheater | Cyclone tower preheater |
calciner | Pre-calcination |
kiln | Rotary kiln (the dominant CBAM signal source) |
clinker-cooler | |
cement-mill | Final grinding with gypsum/SCM |
packing | Bagging, bulk loading |
alternative-fuel | RDF/biomass feed system |
kiln-bypass | Bypass dust handling |
F.4.3 Aluminum (recycling/extrusion)
| Area segment | Description |
|---|---|
scrap-yard | |
melting-furnace | Reverberatory or rotary |
casting | Billet casting |
homogenization | |
extrusion-press | |
aging-oven | |
anodizing | (where applicable) |
F.5 Equipment archetypes
| Equipment segment | Examples | Common signals |
|---|---|---|
eaf-<n> | eaf-01 | tap-temperature-c, electrode-current-ka, energy-kwh, tap-mass-t, scrap-charge-mass-t, co2-flow-kgh |
lf-<n> | lf-01 | bath-temperature-c, energy-kwh, alloy-additions-kg |
caster-<n> | caster-c01 | strand-speed-mmin, mold-level-pct, cast-mass-t |
reheat-furnace-<n> | reheat-rf01 | zone-temperature-c, fuel-flow-m3h, energy-kwh, co2-flow-kgh, slab-throughput-tph |
rolling-mill-<n> | rolling-r01 | rolling-force-kn, exit-thickness-mm, throughput-tph, energy-kwh |
kiln-<n> | kiln-k01 | burning-zone-temperature-c, fuel-flow-m3h, alternative-fuel-share-pct, clinker-throughput-tph, co2-flow-kgh, process-co2-from-calcination-kgh |
preheater-<n> | preheater-p01 | exit-temperature-c, exit-o2-pct |
calciner-<n> | calciner-c01 | fuel-flow-m3h, calcination-degree-pct |
raw-mill-<n> | raw-mill-rm01 | throughput-tph, energy-kwh |
cement-mill-<n> | cement-mill-cm01 | throughput-tph, blaine-cm2g, energy-kwh, scm-share-pct |
clinker-cooler-<n> | cooler-cl01 | exit-temperature-c, recovered-heat-kw |
bag-house-<n> | bag-house-bh01 | dust-emission-mgnm3, dp-mbar |
power-incomer | power-incomer-01 | active-power-kw, energy-kwh, grid-emission-factor-kgkwh |
F.6 Mandatory CBAM signals
F.6.1 Direct emissions
Every kiln (cement) and every reheat furnace (steel) MUST publish:
fuel-flow-m3hper fuel type (one signal per fuel:fuel-natural-gas-flow-m3h,fuel-petcoke-flow-tph,fuel-rdf-flow-tph, …)co2-flow-kgh(measured if CEMS present, otherwise computed from fuel and a factor)
For cement kilns specifically:
process-co2-from-calcination-kgh— the process emission from calcium carbonate decomposition. This is the dominant CO2 source in cement and CBAM treats it explicitly.clinker-throughput-tph— the denominator for the clinker emission factor.alternative-fuel-share-pct— drives a lower direct-emission factor and is reportable.
For EAF:
energy-kwhper heattap-mass-tper heat- The combination yields kWh/t crude steel — the dominant CBAM input for scrap-EAF, where direct CO2 is small.
F.6.2 Indirect (electricity) emissions
power-incomer/active-power-kwandpower-incomer/energy-kwhper sitegrid-emission-factor-kgkwh(static or daily, sourced from ONEE; a future Moroccan Carbon Authority feed will replace this)on-site-generation-kwhminuson-site-emissions-kghto credit captive renewable
F.6.3 Apportionment
CBAM declarations are per export consignment, so the UNS must let an aggregator join:
| Signal | From |
|---|---|
| Production batch / heat ID | EAF (heat-id), kiln (klinker-batch-id) |
| Shipment / consignment ID | port-loading (Annex E vessel-id + bill-of-lading-id) |
| Time correlation | timestamp_utc on every signal |
A consumer running the CBAM aggregator (§11.4 of Morocco UNS Standard v0.2 — Security & i18n) joins production batches to consignments via batch IDs and computes embedded emissions per consignment.
F.7 Worked path examples
ma/ma-06/sonasid/jorf-lasfar/eaf/eaf-01/co2-flow-kgh
ma/ma-06/sonasid/jorf-lasfar/eaf/eaf-01/tap-mass-t
ma/ma-06/sonasid/jorf-lasfar/power-incomer/power-incomer-01/energy-kwh
ma/ma-09/lafargeholcim-maroc/agadir-souss/kiln/kiln-k01/process-co2-from-calcination-kgh
ma/ma-09/lafargeholcim-maroc/agadir-souss/kiln/kiln-k01/alternative-fuel-share-pct
ma/ma-06/lafargeholcim-maroc/bouskoura/cement-mill/cement-mill-cm01/scm-share-pct
ma/ma-02/ynna-steel/nador/eaf/eaf-01/energy-kwh
ma/ma-09/aluminium-du-maroc/agadir/melting-furnace/mf-01/fuel-flow-m3h
F.8 Strategic notes
- CBAM definitive period starts January 2026. Annex F is the most time-sensitive content in this standard.
- The default (penalty) values for embedded emissions in cement and steel are punitive enough that any measured-data declaration is commercially worthwhile.
- Sonasid is the highest-leverage Moroccan target — large export volumes, EAF route (favorable CBAM math if measured), and a CDO mandate for digital transformation.
- LafargeHolcim Maroc Agadir-Souss is the lighthouse plant from the Moroccan Industrial Digital Maturity Dossier 2026 — adoption there cascades through the cement industry.
- YNNA Steel is operationally urgent: the Made-in-Morocco editorial vehicle gives a soft entry point, and the January 2026 deadline forces a decision.
- Aluminum-du-Maroc is a smaller but symbolically valuable adoption (closes the third CBAM sector for the standard).